Angiosperm Phylogeny: 17 Genes, 640 Taxa

Authors

Douglas E. Soltis, University of Florida
Steven A. Smith, Brown University
Nico Cellinese, Florida Museum of Natural History
Kenneth J. Wurdack, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
David C. Tank, University of Idaho
Samuel F. Brockington, University of Cambridge
Nancy F. Refulio-Rodriguez, University of Washington - Seattle Campus
Jay B. Walker, University of Wisconsin - Madison
Michael J. Moore, Oberline College
Barbara S. Carlsward, Eastern Illinois UniversityFollow
Charles D. Bell, University of New Orleans
Maribeth Latvis, University of Florida
Sunny Crawley, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Chelsea Black, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Diaga Diouf, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Zhenxiang Xi, Harvard University
Catherine A. Rushworth, Harvard University
Matthew A. Gitzendanner, University of Florida
Kenneth J. Sytsma, University of Wisconsin - Madison
Yin-Long Qiu, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
Khidir W. Hilu, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Charles C. Davis, Harvard University
Michael J. Sanderson, University of Arizona
Reed S. Beaman, Florida Museum of Natural History
Richard G. Olmstead, University of Washington - Seattle Campus
Walter S. Judd, University of Florida
Michael S. Donoghue, Yale University
Pamela S. Soltis, Florida Museum of Natural History

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

January 2011

Abstract

• Premise of the study : Recent analyses employing up to fi ve genes have provided numerous insights into angiosperm phylogeny, but many relationships have remained unresolved or poorly supported. In the hope of improving our understanding of angiosperm phylogeny, we expanded sampling of taxa and genes beyond previous analyses.

• Methods : We conducted two primary analyses based on 640 species representing 330 families. The fi rst included 25 260 aligned base pairs (bp) from 17 genes (representing all three plant genomes, i.e., nucleus, plastid, and mitochondrion). The second included 19 846 aligned bp from 13 genes (representing only the nucleus and plastid).

• Key results : Many important questions of deep-level relationships in the nonmonocot angiosperms have now been resolved with strong support. Amborellaceae, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales are successive sisters to the remaining angiosperms ( Mesangiospermae ), which are resolved into Chloranthales + Magnoliidae as sister to Monocotyledoneae + [Ceratophyllaceae + Eudicotyledoneae ]. Eudicotyledoneae contains a basal grade subtending Gunneridae . Within Gunneridae , Gunnerales are sister to the remainder ( Pentapetalae ), which comprises (1) Superrosidae , consisting of Rosidae (including Vitaceae) and Saxifragales; and (2) Superasteridae , comprising Berberidopsidales, Santalales, Caryophyllales , Asteridae , and, based on this study, Dilleniaceae (although other recent analyses disagree with this placement). Within the major subclades of Pentapetalae , most deep-level relationships are resolved with strong support.

• Conclusions : Our analyses confi rm that with large amounts of sequence data, most deep-level relationships within the angiosperms can be resolved. We anticipate that this well-resolved angiosperm tree will be of broad utility for many areas of biology, including physiology, ecology, paleobiology, and genomics.

Comments

This article is copyright 2011 American Journal of Botany and is available in open access full text at http://www.amjbot.org/content/98/4/704.full.pdf+html doi: 10.3732/ajb.1000404

Recommended Citation

Soltis, Douglas E.; Smith, Steven A.; Cellinese, Nico; Wurdack, Kenneth J.; Tank, David C.; Brockington, Samuel F.; Refulio-Rodriguez, Nancy F.; Walker, Jay B.; Moore, Michael J.; Carlsward, Barbara S.; Bell, Charles D.; Latvis, Maribeth; Crawley, Sunny; Black, Chelsea; Diouf, Diaga; Xi, Zhenxiang; Rushworth, Catherine A.; Gitzendanner, Matthew A.; Sytsma, Kenneth J.; Qiu, Yin-Long; Hilu, Khidir W.; Davis, Charles C.; Sanderson, Michael J.; Beaman, Reed S.; Olmstead, Richard G.; Judd, Walter S.; Donoghue, Michael S.; and Soltis, Pamela S., "Angiosperm Phylogeny: 17 Genes, 640 Taxa" (2011). Faculty Research & Creative Activity. 17.
https://thekeep.eiu.edu/bio_fac/17